Social Science At MAPS

Sunday, 4 September 2011

CBSE sample paper - X standard SA - 1

Social Science

Sample question paper

Summative Assessment I

(October-2010)

Class X Time: 3hours M.M.: 80

General Instructions :

1. The question paper has 36 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. Marks are indicated against each question.

3. This question paper consist of two parts i.e. Part I and Part II. Part I of the question paper contains Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) from serial Number 1 to 16 of 1 mark each. These sixteen questions of Part I are to be answered on a separate sheet provided. This part has to be completed in first 30 minutes only and the answer sheet must be handed over to the

invigilator before starting Part II.

4. In Part II, there are twenty questions from serial no. 17 to 36 which are to be attempted in 2 hours and 30 minutes. This part should be attempted the stipulated only after time given for Part I.

5. Questions from serial number 17 to 31 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each

6. Questions from serial number 32 to 35 are 4 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 100 words each

7. Question number 36 is a map question of 4 marks from Geography only. After completion, attach the map inside your answer book.

Part I

1. In which one of the following years Great Depression occurred in the world?

(a) 1929-30 (b) 1935-36

Who, among the following, improved the steam engine produced by New common?

(a) Mathew Boulto (b) James Walt

Which one of the following is correct about the Annual London Season?

(a) It was meant for wealthy Britishers only.

(b) Organised for an elite group of 300-400 families.

(d) All the above 1

2. Which one of the following groups of the countries was known as the 'Central powers' in Europe?

(a) Germany, Russia &

France

(b) Russia, Germany &

Britain

Austria-Hungary

and Ottoman-Turkey

(d) None of the above

Which of the following group of industries was the dynamic industries of

England

during its earliest phase of industrialization?

(a) Cotton and metals

(b) Cotton and silk

(d) Footwear and glass 1

After reclamation how many islands were joined together to develop the city of Bombay (Mumbai)?

(a) Seven (b) Five

3. Who among the following developed the first known printing press in the 1430s?

(a) Johann Gutenburg (b) James Watt

Who among the following is the author of the novel 'Hard Times'?

(a) Leo Tolstoy (b) Thomas Hardy

4. The first printing press came to

India

with which one of the following?

(a) Portuguese Missionaries (b) Catholic Priests

Who among the following is the author of the novel 'Pariksha Guru'?

(a) Prem Chand (b) Srinivas Das

5. Which one of the following soil types is the most widely spread and important soil in

India

(a) Laterite soils (b) Black soils

6. In which one of the following states, Corbett National Park is located?

(a) Assam (b) Madhya pradesh

7. On which one of the following rivers Sardar Sarovar Dam is built?

(a) River Kaveri (b) River Krishna

8. In which one of the following crops,

India

is the leading producer and exporter in the world?

(a) Jute (b) Tea

9. Which of the following minority communities is relatively rich and powerful in

Belgium

(a) French (b) Dutch

10. What is the %age of Sinhala speaking in Srilanka? Choose the correct option from the following:

(a) 58 (b) 74

11. Which one of the following countries fall in the category of 'coming together federation'?

(a) India (b) US

12. Which one of the following does not come under the purview of 'family laws'?

(a) Matters related to marriage (b) Matters related to divorce

13. Among the following criteria which one is the basis to measure the development of a country according to the World Bank

(a) Per Capita income (b) Literacy Rate

14. Which one among the following is a development goal common to all?

(a) Freedom (b) Equal opportunities

15. Which one of the following occupation is not associated with primary sector

(a) Basket weaver (b) Gardener

16. Which one among the following is the most appropriate meaning of Underemployment?

(a) Workers are not paid for their work

(b) Workers are working less than what they are capable of doing

(d) Workders do not want to work 1

17. Explain the impact of Great depression of 1929 on the Indian economy giving three points. 3x1=3

Explain any three problems faced by the cotton weavers in India during mid 19^th century. 3x1=3

Explain any three reasons for the expansion of Bombay's (Mumbai's) population in mid 18th century. 3x1=3

18. "Access to books created a new culture of reading." Support the statement giving three examples". 3x1=3

Explain the contribution of women writers on the writing of novels in India. 3x1=3

19. Explain how Martin Luther spoke in praise of print. 3x1=3

Explain the contribution of Prem Chand in the field of novel writing. 3x1=3

20. Explain giving three points how did the print culture develop in India?

3x1=3

Explain the contribution of Rokeya Hossein in the field of education and literature. 3x1=3

21. What is resource planning? Why is the planning of resource essential? Explain any two reasons. 1+2=3

22. Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife resources? Explain any three reasons.

3x1=3

23. Why is the scarcity of water increasing day by day in

India

? Explain any three reasons.

3x1=3

24. Mention any three provisions of the Act which was passed in Sri Lanka in 1950 to establish Sinhala supermacy 3x1=3

25. Explain overlapping and cross cutting social differences. 1½+1½=3

26. Explain any three factors that determine the outcome of politics of social division. 3

27. State any three facts to show that the women face disadvantage and discrimination in our patriarch society. 3

28. Explain any three different bases of comparison of economic development of different nations / states. 3x1=3

29. Describe any three public facilities needed for development. 3x1=3

30. Explain any three types of unemployment found in

India

. 3x1=3

31. "Workers are exploited in unorganized sectors in

India

". Support the statement with suitable

examples. 3x1=3

32. Explain the effects of coming of rinderpest to Africa during the close of 19th century. 4x1=4

Explain giving four reasons why did the industrialists of Europe prefer hand labour over machines during the 19th century. 4x1=4

Why did well off Londoners support the need for building houses for the poor in 19th century? Explain in four points. 4x1=4

33. What is the main contribution of agriculture to the national economy? Explain any three steps taken by the Government of India to modernize agriculture.

1+3=4

34. Explain any four features of federalism. 4x1=4

35. How can more employment be created in rural areas? Explain with the help of four suitable examples. 4x1=4

36. Three features with serial number 1 to 3 are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and their correct names on the lines marked in the Map. 3x1=3

1. Soil type

2. Tiger Reserve

3. The leading coffee producing state

Locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols on the same Map.

1. Hirakud Dam

2. Sunderbans national park

3. The largest producing state of Bajra

Note : The following question is for the Visual impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Q.No. 36

36.1 What is the colour of the arid soils

36.2 Name the Tiger Reserve of Kerala.

36.3 In which state 'Bhairodev Dakar Sonchuri' is developed for protecting the wildlife? 3x1=3

Social Science

Marking Scheme

Class X

Part I

1. (a) or (b) or (d)2. (c) or (a) or (a)3. (a) or (c)4. (a) or (b)5. (c) 6. (d)7. (c) 8. (b)

9. (a) 10. (b)11. (b) 12. (d)13. (a) 14. (d)15. (d) 16. (b)

Part II

17. i. The depression affected Indian trade.

ii. Indian imports as well as exports almost halved between 1928 and 1934.

iii. As international prices crashed, prices in

India

also plunged.

iv. Wheat prices fell by 50%

v. Although agricultural prices fell sharply yet the colonial govt. refused to reduce revenue demands.

vi. The prices of raw jute also crashed to about 60%.

vii. The peasants were under heavy indebtedness.

viii. Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3

i. The export market collapsed and the local market shrunk.

ii. Imported cotton goods were cheaper and Indian weavers could not compete with them.

iii. Procuring raw cotton of good quality was very difficult because the prices were very high.

iv. The market was flooded with machine made goods.

v. Any other relevant point.

Any three points. 3x1=3

i. Bombay (Mumbai) developed into the biggest sea port along the Arabian sea coast.

ii. It became the capital of Bombay Presidency.

iii. Large number of cotton textile industries sprang up which attracted lot of labour.

iv. It became the centre of film industry.

v. It provided direct sea link with Europe.

vi. Any other relevant point.

(Any three points to be explained which attracted population to the city) 3x1=3

i. Before the printing press the reading of books was restricted to the elites only.

ii. With the printing press a new reading public emerged.

iii. Books reached to the wider section of the public.

iv. With the print the hearing public changed into a reading public.

v. Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3

i. In the earlier stages women began writing stories, poems etc.

ii. In early 20th century, women in South India began writing novels.

iii. Their writings allowed for a new conception of womanhood.

iv. Stories of love showed women who could choose or refuse, their partners and

relationships.

v. Some women authors wrote about the women who changed the world of both men and women.

vi. Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3

19. i. Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticizing many of the practices and ritual of the Roman Catholic Church.

ii. Luther's writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely.

iii. This led to a division within the church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation

iv. Luther's translation of the New Testament sold 5000 copies within a few weeks.

v. Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, "printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one."

vi. Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3

i. Prem Chand's novels are filled with all kinds of powerful Characters drawn from all levels of society.

ii. The women characters are also strong individuals.

iii. Prem Chand's characters create a community based on democratic values.

iv. Prem Chand's best known work is 'Godan'.

v. It is an epic of Indian peasantry.

vi. Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3

20. i. The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid 16^th century.

ii. By 1674 about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kanara languages.

iii. Catholic priests first printed Tamil books in 1579 at Cochin.

iv. In 1713 first Malayalam book was printed.

v. English writing developed much after the coming of English East India Company.

vi. Then Indians began publishing Indian newspapers.

vii. Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3

i. Rokeya Hossein was a social reformer.

ii. She started a school for girls in Calcutta (Kolkata).

iii. She wrote satiric fantasy in English.

iv. It shows the world in which women will take the place of men.

v. Her novel 'Padamarag' shows the need for women to reform their conditions

themselves.

vi. Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3

21. Resource Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.

Reasons

1. Resources are unevenly distributed over the country.

2. Some regions are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other

resources.

3. There are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.

4. Resources are limited.

5. Resource planning helps in reducing wastage.

6. Resource planning takes care of future generation.

7. Any other relevant point.

Any two points to be explained. 1+2=3

22. Need to conserve forest and wild life resources :

1. Rapid decline in forests and wildlife population.

2. Conservation maintains the ecological balance

3. Forest depletion accelerates soil erosion.

4. Conservation is needed to protect wildlife because wildlife is threatened by man's intervention.

5. They provide economic benefits.

6. Any other relevant point.

(Any three reasons to be explained) 3x1=3

23. Reasons of scarcity of water :

1. Rapidly growing population.

2. Rising demand of food and cash crops.

3. Water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry seasons agriculture.

4. Industrialisation

5. Any other relevant reason.

(Any three reasons to be explained) 3x1=3

24. a. Sinhala to be the official language of Srilanka

b. Preferential policy of Sinhalese in government educational institutions and jobs

c. To foster Buddhism

d. Any other relevant point 3x1=3

Any three points.

25. Social divisions take place when some social difference overlaps with other differences, the difference between blacks and whites become a social division in the

because they tend to be poor, homeless and discriminated against. If social differences cross cut one another, it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other. Consider the cases of Northern Ireland and the Netherlands. Both are predominantly Christians but divided between Catholics and

Protestants. In

Northern Ireland

, class and religion overlap with each other. If you are Catholic, you are also likely to be poor and you may have suffered a history of discrimination. In the Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other. Catholics and Protestants are about equally likely to be poor or rich. The result is that Catholics and Protestants have had conflicts in Northern Ireland, while they do not do so in the Netherlands. Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.

26. a. First of all, the outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular, it becomes difficult to accommodate.

b. Secondly, it depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the Constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community.

c. Thirdly, it depends on how the govt. reacts to the demands of different groups. Minorities should also be taken care of with the majority.

27. i. The literacy rate among women is only 54% as compared to 76% among men.

ii. Proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small.

iii. The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work but in practice it is not so.

iv. Parents in majority still prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted.

Any three points. 3x1=3

28. Following indicators are generally used for comparison of economic development of different nations / states :

i. Per capita income : It helps in comparison of the level of development of different regions within the country or different nations.

ii. Infant Mortality rate : It refers to deaths among children before the age of one year per thousand children born in a year.

iii. Literacy rate : It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.

iv. Life expectancy : Average expected length of life of a person.

v. Gross enrolment ratio : For three levels for primary, secondary and higher

education.

vi. Persons living below poverty line (any three) measuring through income and expenditure method.

Any three points. 3x1=3

29. Public facilities refer to facilities, which a person cannot arrange at individual level, these are provided by government. Following are the main public facilities:

i. Pollution free environment

ii. Good infrastructure like roads, transport etc.

iii. Collective security for the whole locality

iv. Opening schools, colleges and hospitals

v. Taking preventive steps from infectious diseases

vi. Provision for safe drinking water, sanitation facilities etc.

vii. Provision for public distribution system (or any other relevant points)

Any three points to be described. 3x1=3

30. The three types of unemployment found in

India

are :

i. Disguised unemployment

ii. Seasonal unemployment

iii. Structural unemployment

iv. Cyclical unemployment

v. Technological unemployment

(Explain any three) 3x1=3

31. i. Workers are paid less wages, there is no job security,

ii. Working conditions are poor.

iii. They have to work for long hours.

They can be protected by making some rules and regulations by the government. 3x1=3

32. i. Rinderpest was carried by infected cattle imported by British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa.

ii. Rinderpest spread like forest fire.

iii. Within few years it affected the whole of Africa killing 90% of the cattle.

iv. The loss of cattle forced the Africans into the labour market.

v. The scarce resources were under the European colonizers who conquered and subdued Africa

vi. Any other relevant point

Any four points to be explained. 4x1=4

i. There was no shortage of labour at that period of time.

ii. Installation of machinery required large capital investment which the industrialists did not want to invest.

iii. In seasonal industries only seasonal labour was required

iv. Intricate designs and different samples required human skills only.

v. In Victorian age - the aristocrats and other upper class people preferred articles made by hand.

vi. Any other relevant point.

(any four points to the explained) 4x1=4

i. Living in unhygienic slums was very dangerous for the poor.

ii. Slums were also harmful not to the slum dwellers but also to the general public.

iii. In slums there was always fear of fire hazards.

iv. After the Russian revolution of 1917, it was felt that the people who are slum dwellers points) 4x1=4

33. Contribution of agriculture

Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy. Its share in providing employment and livelihood to the population continues to be as high as 63 per cent in 2001.

Steps taken by the Government.

1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research established.

2. Agricultural may not rebel.

v. Any other relevant point

(any four Universities are established.

3. Veterinary services are provided.

4. Animal breeding centre are opened.

5. Infrastructure like roads, electricity cold storage etc is being developed.

6. Development in the field of meteorology and weather forecast were given priority.

7. Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained. 3x1=3

34. a. There are two or more levels of government.

b. The jurisdiction of the respective tiers of government are specified in the constitution.

c. Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and powers of different levels of government.

d. Sources of revenue of each level of government are specified to ensure its financial autonomy. 4x1=4

35. More employment in rural areas can be created by :

a. Constructing dams, canals or digging wells in villages.

b. Creating storage facilities and providing transport services.

c. Agro based industries can be set up in rural areas or semi belts.

d. Construction of schools.

e. Making provision for education and health service in rural belts can also result in employments.

f. Promoting rural crafts and rural tourism is also an employment generation proposal.

CBSE sample paper - IX - SA 1

Social Science

Sample Question Paper - CBSE

Term-I

(October-2011)

Class IX

Time: 3hours M.M.: 90

General Instructions :

1. The question paper has 31 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. Marks are indicated against each question.

3. Questions from serial number 1-10 are Multiple Choice Questions. Each question carries one mark.

4. Questions from serial number 11 to 22 are 3 mark questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each

5. Questions from serial number 23 to 30 are 5 mark questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words each.

6. Question number 31 is a map question of 4 mark from Geography only. After completion, attach the map inside your answer book.

1. On what charges was Louis XVI Guillotined?

(a) Misgovernance (b) Cruelty

2. By whom was 'social contract' written?

(a) Voltaire (b) Rousseau

3. In which one of the following groups of Hemispheres India is located?

(a) Eastern and Western Hemisphere (b) Northern and Southern Hemisphere

4. Which one of the following features is related to the lower course of the river?

(a) Delta (b) Meander

5. Which one of the following is the best way to establish democracy in a country?

(a) Foreign aggression by a democratic country.

(b) People’s struggle within their own country.

(d) Voluntary support by the majority of the people. 1

6. Which one of the following international organizations is responsible for maintaining peace

and security among countries of the world?

(a) U.N. General Assembly

(b) U.N. Security Council

(d) International Monetary Fund 1

7. Who one of the following was the chairman of the Drafting Committee for making the Constitution of India?

(a) Rajendra Prasad (b) Baldev Singh

8. Which among the following is not an item of fixed capital?

(a) Tools (b) Raw Materials

9. Which one of the following activities is associated with the primary sector?

(a) Pottery (b) Basket weaving

10. Which one of the following is an activity of tertiary sector?

(a) Agriculture (b) Forestery

11. Explain Lenin's 'April Theses'. 3

Why did Weimar Republic set up in Germany after the first world war become unpopular? Give three reasons. 3x1=3

12. Explain any three main features of Stalin's collectivization programme.

3x1=3

Explain any three effects of Nazism on the school system? 3x1=3

13. What is the latitudinal extent of India? How does it influence our lives? Explain giving two examples. 1+2=3

14. Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas. Write three features of northern most range of the Himalaya. 1½+1½=3

15. Name the three types of plate boundaries. Explain one characterstic of each. 1½+1½=3

16. How are the peninsular rivers of India different from those of the Himalayas? Give any three points of distinction. 3x1=3

17. Explain any three difficulties faced by the people in a non-democratic country. 3x1=3

18. State any three arguments against democracy. 3x1=3

19. Why do we call India a secular democratic republic? Explain. 3

20. Why is human capital the most important factor of production? Give three reasons. 3x1=3

21. How have countries like Japan become rich and developed? Explain three reasons. 3x1=3

22. What are the various activities which are classified with three main sectors? Name each sector with suitable examples. 3x1=3

23. Despite various reforms introduced by Robespeire, why was his reign termed as reign of terror? Explain. 5

24. Explain the circumstances that helped the middle class in bringing social and economic changes in France in the 18th Centrury. 5

25. Explain any five changes introduced by Bolsheviks in Russia after October Revolution of 1917. 5x1=5

Explain any five features of political policy adopted by Hitler after coming to power in 1933. 5x1=5

26. Which are the two physical divisions of the Peninsular plateau? Write four characteristics of each division. 1+2+2=5

27. What is democracy? Explain any four features of a democrative set up?

1+4=5

28. Why do we need a constitution? Describe any three main functions of the constitution. 2+3=5

29. Explain the four requirements of the production of goods and services. What are the items that come under physical capital? 4+1=5

30. What are the two types unemployment found in rural areas? How does unemployment affect the overall growth of an economy? Explain by giving four points. 1+4=5

31.1. Two features (1-2) are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map.

1. A mountain range

2. An important river of South India.

31.2. Locate and label the following on the same political outline map of India.

a. Mount K2

b. Tropic of Cancer 2+2=4

Note : The following question is for the visually impaired candidates only, in lieu of map Q.no. 31.

(31.1) Which is the smallest state of India in respect of area?

(31.2) In which state is Aravali mountain range?

(31.3) Name the highest mountain peak of India.

(31.4) What is the latitude of Tropic of Cancer? 4x1=1

Social Science

Marking Scheme

Class IX

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)

11. Lenin put three demands which were known as Lenin's 'April Theses'.

They were :

i. The war be brought to a close.

ii. Land be transferred to the peasants.

iii. The banks be nationalized.

These three demands to be explained. 3x1=3

After the defeat of Germany in the war, the German emperor abdicated and Weimer Republic was proclaimed by the National Assembly with a federal structure.

1. This republic, however, could never become popular. The people made this government responsible for accepting the humiliating treaty of Versailles.

2. People made this government responsible for the miseries experienced by the people.

3. The Weimer Republic was being made to pay for the sins of the old empire. The supporters of the Weimer Republic mainly socialists, Catholics and Democrats became easy targets of attack in nationalist circles.

4. Democracy and republican government was yet a new idea, the importance of which was not easily comprehended by the common people.

5. Any other relevant point (Any three points) 3x1=3

12. Main features of Stalin’s collectivization programme:

i. All the peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms. (Kolkhoz)

ii. The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms.

iii. Peasants worked on the land and the Kolkhoz profit was shared.

iv. Some peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock.

v. Those who resisted collectivisation were punished.

vi. Many were deported and jailed.

(Any three points.) 3x1=3

1. All schools were 'cleared' and purified.

2. Children were first segregated. German and Jews could not sit together or play together.

3. Eventually all undesirable children such as jews and gypsies were thrown out of schools.

4. Good German children were subjected to prolonged period of Nazi Schooling.

Any three points 3x1=3

13. Latitudinal extent : 6º4'N to 37°6'N 1 mark

Influence :

1. Tropic of Cancer divides the country into two equal parts.

2. Thus

India

is situated in tropical and temperate zones.

3. Northern part of India has high annual range of temperature whereas the southern part has low annual range of temperature

4. The latitudinal extent influences the duration of the day and night as one moves from south to north

5. Duration of day and night varies from 45 minutes in the extreme south to 5½ hours in the extreme north.

6. Any other relevant point.

(Any two points to be explained) 2 marks 1+2=3

14. Parallel Ranges

1. Himadri / Greater Himalaya / Inner Himalaya

2. Himachal / Lesser Himalaya

3. Shiwaliks 3x½ = 1½

Himadri

Features of :

i. It is the most continuous range

ii. Consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6000 metres.

iii. The folds are asymmetrical in nature.

iv. Composed of granite

v. It is perennially snow bound.

(Any three features.) 3x½=1½

15. Names of plate boundaries

(i) Convergent Boundary

(ii) Divergent Boundary

(iii) Transform Boundary 1½ marks

B- Characteristics

(i) Plates come towards each other and form convergent boundary.

(ii) Plates move away from each other and form divergent boundary

(iii) Here plates move horizentally past each other and form transform boundary.

1½ marks 1½+1½=3

16. The Peninsular Rivers The Himalayan Rivers

(i) A large number of the peninsular rivers Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial are seasonal. They depend on rainfall. They depend on rainfall as well as on melting of snow.

(ii) The peninsular rivers have shorter and They have long courses from their source shallower courses. to mouth.

(iii) They hardly perform erosional activity They perform intensive erosional activity even in their upper course. in their upper courses.

(iv) Major rivers are Mahanadi, Godavari, Major rivers are Indus, Ganga and

Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada and Tapi Brahmaputra

(v) Any other point of distinction

(Any three points) 3x1=3

17. i. People do not have any rights.

ii. They can't choose or change their rulers.

iii. There is no real freedom to express one's opinion.

iv. There are no political associations, organized protests & political actions.

v. Any other relevant point.

(Any three points to be explained) 3x1=3

18. i. Leaders keep changing in a democracy. This leads to instability.

ii. Democracy leads to corruption for it is based on electoral competition.

iii. Elected leaders do not know the best interest of the people. It leads to wrong decisions.

iv. It delays decision making process.

v. Any other relevant point.

(Any three points) 3x1=3

19. (i)

India

is called secular because its citizens have complete freedom to follow and practise any religion of their own choice.

(ii) Democracy means that

India

has a government where people enjoy equal political rights, elect their rulers who are accountable

(iii) Head of the state ie India’s President (Rashtrapati) is elected and is not hereditary 3x1=3

20. (a) Human capital refers to the people who possess the knowledge and enterprise to put together the other factors of production.

(b) Investment in human capital yields a return just like investment in physical capital.

(d) Any other relevant point.

(Any three points to be explained.) 3x1=3

21. (a) The countries like

Japan

do not have any natural resources. They import the needed resources.

(b) They have invested in human resource especially in the field of education & health.

developed.

(d) Any other relevant point.

(Any three to be explained) 3x1=3

22. Human occupations are classified into three categories

1. Primary occupation : Agriculture, Animal Husbandary, Forestry, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying.

2. Secondary Occupation: Manufacturing industry, building construction work etc.

3. Tertiary Occupation : Transport, Communication, Commerce, Administration and other services (such as teaching, medical etc.) 3x1=3

23. The Jacobin government under Robespierre abolished monarchy and declared

France

as a Republic, a form of government where people elect the government, including the Head of the State. 1 mark

Inspite of bringing these landmark changes, his period was referred to as a reign of terror.

1. He followed a policy of severe control and punishment.

2. Examples of his policies, like maximum ceiling on wages and prices and rationing of meat and bread.

3. All those who opposed him were considered enemies of the republic, were arrested, imprisoned and tried by a revolutionary tribunal.

4. If found guilty they were guillotined.

5. Any other relevant point.

(Any four points) 1+4=5

24. The circumstances that helped the middle class in bringing social and economic changes in

France

in 18th century:

(a) American war of Independence

(b) Spread of new philosophy

(d) The belief of the lawyers and administration that no group in society should be privileged by birth.

(e) Rise of new ideas that society should be based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all.

(f) Any other relevant point.

(Any five points to be explained) 5x1=5

25. The changes introduced by the Bolsheviks after October Revolution (1917) 5

(a) Nationalisation of Bank

(b) Land declared social property

(d) Partition of houses according to family requirement

(e) Banned old titles of aristocracy

(f) New uniforms designed for officials

(Any five points to be explained) 5x1=5

Policies adopted by Hitler once he came to power in 1933.

(a) Suspended civil rights.

(b) Communists sent to consertration camps.

(d) Banning of all political parties and trade unions.

(e) State control over economy, media, army and Judiciary.

(f) Creation of special serveillance and security forces.

(g) Any other relevant point.

(Explain any five points.) 5x1=5

26. Physical division of Peninsular Plateau:

(A) Central Highlands (B) Deccan Plateau

Characteristics ½+½=1 mark

A. i. Lies to the north of Narmada river.

ii. It covers a major area of the Malwa plateau.

iii. It is bound by the Vindhyan range in the south and Aravalis on the north

west.

iv. The Central Highlands are wider in the west and narrower in the east.

v. The eastward extensions are locally known as the Baghelkhand,

and Chotanagpur.

vi. Any other relevant point.

(Any four characteristics.) 4x½=2 marks

B. i. The Deccan plateau is a triangular landmass.

ii. It lies to the south of the Narmada river.

iii. Satpura range flanks its broad base in the north while Mahadev, the Kaimur

and Maikal ranges form its eastern extensions.

iv. It is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards.

v. Its extension towards northeast, locally known and the Meghalaya as Karbi-

Anglon plateau.

vi. Any other relevant point.

(Any four characteristics.) 4x½=2 marks

1+2+2=5

27. Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people or any other relevant definition. 1 mark

i. A democratic government is a better government because it is more accountable to the people.

ii. Democracy improves quality of decision making.

iii. Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts.

iv. Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.

v. Any other relevant point.

(Any four points to be described) 4x1=4 marks 1+4=5

28. We need a constitution because it is the supreme law of a country which not only determines the relationship among the people living in a territory, but also the relationship between the people and the government. 2 marks

(a) The constitution generates a degree of trust and coordination that is necessary for different kinds of people to live together.

(b) It specifies how the govt. will be constituted, who will have power to take which decisions.

(d) It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.

(e) Any other relevant point.

(Any three points.) 3x1=3 marks 2+3=5

29. The four main requirements for the production of goods and services are:

(a) Land and other natural reasons.

(b) Labour i.e. people who carry out the work for production.

working capital

(d) Human capital. 4x1=4 marks

Example of Physical Capital.

(i) Fixed capital eg tools, machines (ii) Working capital eg raw material.

1 mark 4+1=5

30. l The two types of unemployments are (i) seasonal (ii) disguised 1 mark

l The unemployment has detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy.

(a) It is a wastage of man power resource.

(b) It increases the economic overload.

(d) Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.

4x1=4 1+4=5